Glossary

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arisings
The cut grass and plant material left behind after mowing, which needs clearing away rather than left on the verge. Maintaining Commercial Grass Verges: A Calmer Approach to a Year-Round Job
commuted sum
A one-off payment from a developer to the highway authority, covering the estimated extra cost of maintaining non-standard features on an adopted road over a defined period. Highway adoption process: transfer, agreement and responsibility
contraflow
A temporary arrangement where both directions of traffic share one carriageway, usually separated by cones or barriers, while the other carriageway is closed for works. Traffic management for roadworks: 6 steps from plan to delivery
Falling Weight Deflectometer
Equipment that drops a known load onto the road surface and measures how much the pavement deflects, revealing the structural stiffness of the layers beneath. Carriageway structural assessment: what engineers measure and why it matters
Ground Penetrating Radar
A non-destructive survey tool that sends radio waves through the pavement to map layer thickness, voids and moisture content without drilling or cutting. Carriageway structural assessment: what engineers measure and why it matters
reconstruction
The removal and replacement of the entire pavement structure, from the sub-base upwards, undertaken where the foundation has failed and cannot support a simple overlay. Planning a road resurfacing programme: 7 stages from survey to handover
Section 38 agreement
A legal agreement between a developer and the highway authority, made under the Highways Act, that sets out the standards a new road must meet before the authority will adopt it and take on maintenance responsibility. Highway adoption process: transfer, agreement and responsibility
sightline
The unobstructed view a driver, cyclist or pedestrian has of the road ahead, other road users and potential hazards. Adequate sightlines give time to react safely to changing conditions. What Is a Road Safety Audit
surface dressing
A treatment that applies a thin layer of bitumen and stone chippings to seal the surface and restore skid resistance, used where the underlying structure remains sound. Planning a road resurfacing programme: 7 stages from survey to handover
tactile paving
Textured surface laid at crossing points to alert visually impaired pedestrians to the transition between footway and carriageway. Different patterns indicate different crossing types. What Is a Road Safety Audit
vehicle-mounted attenuator
A crash cushion fixed to the back of a truck or trailer that absorbs the energy of a vehicle impact, protecting operatives and equipment in the works zone. Traffic management for roadworks: 6 steps from plan to delivery
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